The aim of this dissertation was to investigate the factors associated with lumbar pain syndrome in female volleyball players who played in the Superliga of the Republic of Croatia in the season 2023./2024. A retrospective study was conducted on a sample of 109 respondents who represented one of the twelve Croatian Super League clubs. Their task was to fill out a questionnaire about the occurrence of lumbar pain in the last year. The questionnaire, carried out in this dissertation, contains the original version of the survey questionnaire "The Athletes Disability Index Questionnaire", by Pardis, N., Alireza, H. K., Farzin, F., Ali M. M., Smuck, M. and Ramin , K. (2018). The questionnaire consisted of an initial general part (with general data about the respondent), then followed by a part related to sports engagement and everyday life (questions related to training and competition load and the ability to perform daily activities) and questions related to volleyball elements during which the lumbar pain was reported. The average age of the female participants of the Croatian Superliga is 20.97 ± 3.73 years, and the average height is 180.67 ± 7.6 cm. The average body weight of female participants is 69.88 ± 7.75 kg. Lumbar pain syndrome most often appears during elements of the spike and service. The association between training load volume and lumbar pain is slightly negative, which means that a higher training load volume may contribute to a reduction in low back pain. Libero is the position with the third highest risk of lumbar pain syndrome, is followed by middle blocker and outside hitter. There is no statistically significant difference between stretching after training and the occurrence of lumbar pain. Prevention of lumbar pain is influenced by a number of factors together. Therefore, a good knowledge of the etiology of lumbar pain syndrome in volleyball players can contribute to the planning of targeted primary and secondary prevention protocols.