The shoulder is one of the most complex joints in the human body, and due to its structure, it is often prone to injuries and painful syndromes. The aim of this paper is to systematize the knowledge on the effectiveness of kinesitherapy, specifically strength exercises, in the rehabilitation of shoulder impingement syndrome through a systematic review of previous research. The attempt was made to determine to what extent strength exercises affect the observed outcomes, specifically in reducing pain symptoms, increasing shoulder functionality, muscle strength, and range of motion. The systematic review was based on studies written in English and published in the last 10 years, more precisely from 2014 to 2024. The review of papers was conducted using a search based on the following keywords: "Strength training" OR "Strength exercise" AND "Shoulder impingement" AND "Pain" through four databases: PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and WOS. According to the previously mentioned criteria, 91 papers were selected, and 12 were included in the final analysis, which showed a high degree of heterogeneity in the characteristics of the subjects and the interventions conducted. For the purpose of this paper, the effectiveness of a rehabilitation procedure was observed in which the kinesitherapy part consisted solely of strength exercises. Most of the analyzed studies demonstrated that strength exercises had a positive effect on the observed outcomes when included in the rehabilitation program, but it was difficult to determine how much of the achieved results were specifically due to strength and how much was contributed by other interventions in the analyzed studies. In studies where only strength exercises were used, the results were statistically significant in most outcomes, indicating that strength definitely has its place in rehabilitation, but more studies are needed to fully understand to what extent.