This thesis explores the importance of sports activities in the overall developmental process of children, focusing on their impact on cognitive, physical, motor, emotional, and social development. The aim of the research is to determine how and in what ways participation in sports and sporting activities can shape the aforementioned developmental processes in children. The research method was based on a systematic literature review. Through the analysis of relevant scientific papers, we identified key themes and findings on how sports affect children's motor and physical abilities, social skills, emotional stability, and cognitive development. The research results indicate that regular participation in sports contributes to the improvement of motor skills, such as coordination and strength, which are extremely important for the overall development of the child. Various physical activities help children develop muscle strength and endurance, while the emotional and social aspects of sports contribute to the development of self-confidence, self-discipline, team spirit, and communication skills. Through participation in sports, children learn important life lessons, such as honesty, responsibility, and perseverance. Cognitive development is also stimulated through sports activities, including the development of concentration, time management, and strategic thinking. By integrating different perspectives from the literature, this thesis contributes to the understanding of the importance of sports activities in promoting the holistic development of children, emphasizing the importance of environmental support and the adaptation of sports activities to the needs and abilities of each child. At the end of the thesis, we recognize the need for further research to better understand the specific mechanisms through which sports influence children's development and to identify the most effective programs and approaches that promote optimal development in different age groups