The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of relevant literature and to summarize the most important findings on the mechanisms, risk factors and effective measures for prevention of hamstring injuries. The thesis will provide relevant information about the importance and role of hamstring muscles in sports, predominantly in sprint activities, in which hamstring injuries usually occur, the anatomical specifics of a hamstring muscle and the most common hamstring injuries mechanisms (stretch type and sprint type). Therefore, the main objective of this thesis, based on the reviewed literature, is to define and display specific and most common extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors that lead to increased risk of hamstring injuries among athletes. The effective measures for prevention of hamstring injuries in sport will also be presented. Hamstring muscle injury is one of the most common injuries in sports, especially in sports in which sprint activities are dominant. Two of the most common hamstring injuries mechanisms are stretch type and sprint type. The stretch type of injury is most common among sports such as dancing. On the other hand, sprint type of injury is most common among sports in which sprint activities, great acceleration and deceleration, and frequent directional changes are dominant. Risk factors for hamstring injuries can be divided into two general categories: intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Furthermore, those risk factors can be either adjustable or non-adjustable. It is known that the risk of a hamstring injury may be significantly reduced by acting on, adjusting and/or eliminating the known adjustable risk factors. In this context, it is necessary to implement effective prevention measures as an integral part of the athletes training in order to reduce the risk of hamstring injuries.