The main objective of this study was to determine the impact of biological maturation on certain anthropological variables in young female volleyball players, members of the Croatian U-17 national volleyball team. The sample for this research consisted of 16 young volleyball players, members of the Croatian U-17 national team, with an average chronological age of 15.8 years. The research measured body composition variables, assessed bone age using an ultrasound device, and measured lung function and muscle strength using a dynamometer. A paired t-test revealed a significant difference between chronological and bone age. One of the key findings is the accelerated biological development of the volleyball players, indicating early pubertal maturity. There were no participants with delayed maturation (where chronological age is greater than bone age). Only 31% of the participants were in timely maturation status, while as many as 69% were in an early maturation stage. A significant difference between timely and early maturing volleyball players was observed in the variables of body mass, Tiffenau index, and lean, muscle, and bone mass. Greater lung functionality in early maturers further supports the idea that physical development plays a key role in success on the court. However, early maturation also carries certain risks, including an increased likelihood of injuries due to faster closing of epiphyseal plates and increased strain on joints and bones. These risks may have long-term consequences for sports careers, including potential issues like burnout and early cessation of sports activity. This study emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring of the physical and biological development of young athletes to optimize training and development programs.