In order to elaborate the notion of the one-year development plan and program of rhythmic gymnastics school, it is crucial to consider the wide spectrum of rhythmic gymnastics elements: from the history of rhythmic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics rules, individual exercises and the usage of music and equipment to the importance of the development phases within physical, motor, emotional and mental growth of a rhythmic gymnast. In practice, training plan and program is the most important element within the realization of the sport preparation process and training effect control. Sport training programming is a set of management actions that are conducted momentarily and over time and that clearly define contents, load and method of the sport preparation, which implies selection, dosage and distribution of the training, competition and recovery operator within well-defined cycles of the sport preparation. One-year training cycle is planned within one or more training macrocycles, while each macrocycle consists of preparation, competition and transition period. Detailed examples of training days are given for each of these three key periods. It is extremely important to base the plan on the realistic goals which should be adjusted to the objective abilities of each rhythmics gymnast, i.e. to set goals which should not be unachievable and demotivational for a rhythmic gymnast. A quality and efficient training plan and program requires a competent and educated trainer who accepts the concept of lifelong learning, progress and adjustment to the needs and abilities of each rhythmic gymnast.