Endodontic therapy is indicated in cases when periapical pathology or pulp pthology are present and they are causing bone destruction and consequently fallout of teeth. Infected content from endodontic space with leaking in periapical tissue cause inflamation which leads to pathologycal change of same tissue. In hope to prevent further growth of the lesion its neccessary to extract infected tissue from endodontic space and that empty space fill with materials which are resistant on surrounding biological invironment. In need to preserve filing materials inside endodontic space its neccessary to prepare correctly that endodontic space. Starting with correct preparation of coronal acces cavity which shape allows linear instrument acces to root canals and finishing with use of correct and neccessary hand instrumentatio technique. Appropriate instrumentation technique is shaping root canal in that way so we can fill tooth in a way that filling is good sealed so it won't allow leaking of a content in root canal or in periapical tissue. Depending on which teeth, root canal, or part of root canal we are instrumenting we cn choose different hand instrumentation techniques. We distinguish three primary hand instrumentation techniques and few modifications of that three techniques. Standard technique is technique which is perfect for preparation of linear and straight root canals. Step-back, passive step-back and step-down techniques allows successfull preparation of curved and narrowly smaller root canals. Anticurvature technique keep and protect integrity of furcation area of molars. There exist hybrid approach in hand instrumentation techniques and his name is double flared technique. Hybrid approach is combination of step-back and step-down techniques.