Human papilloma virus is a DNK virus from the Papovaviridae family, species Papillomavirus. Around 150 different HPV genotypes are known to this day, each of which has its own tropism for specific tissue. Regarding their oncogenic potential, we share them into two groups: high-risk and low-risk types. The most important low-risk types are HPV 6 and 11, while the most important high-risk types are HPV 16 and 18. HPV-16 which is detected in about 90% of the HPV(+) oropharyngeal cancers is the most common high-risk HPV types. HPV-16 is the only HPV type which is accepted as cancer inducing in the head and neck cancer. Epidemiological data indicate that the development of oral HPV infection is contributed by the following factors: male sex, age, smoking of cigarettes, marijuana consumption, risky sexual behavior (multiple sexual partners during life and frequent alteration). HPV infection is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, or direct skin and mucous contact with the person (vaginal and anal sex). Only 90% of HPV(+) oropharyngeal cancer is presented without sypmtoms of the disease. Molecular diagnostic methods are methods of choice for detecting HPV infection. Not only they prove the existence of HPV infection, but also they enable genotyping, that is, they show whether it is an HPV low-risk or high-risk infection. In today's practice, the selection methods are chain reaction polymerase (PCR) and hybridization method (HC). An important role in preventing the developement of head and neck cancer has continuous systematic education, stimulation of the population to responsible sexual behavior and vaccination.