Breast cancer is considered public health issue because of its epidemiological proportions and its consequences influence almost all social segments. The treatment should be multidisci- plinary and it depends on the stage of the disease, the pathohistological results, differentiation of the tumor and the existence of possible hormone receptors on the surface of the tumor cells. The age of the patient has an effect influences the choice of treatment. The most efficient treatment methods for breast cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radia- tion therapy and hormone therapy. Lymphedema is a common problem with patients who have undergone mastectomy. It pres- ents itself on the upper limb on the same side the mastectomy took place. From an etiological point of view, the lymphedema is most commonly caused by surgery or radiation therapy. The lymphedema causes a significant loss of function of the limb ( pain, swelling, deformity and thickened skin ). The lymphedema may also cause psychological pain due to the loss of aesthetics. Main methods of treatment include complex decongestive therapy ( CDT ), intermittent pneu- matic compression (IPC) and kinesiotherapy. Other methods of therapy may be included as supplementary. Early recognition of the lymphedema and a consultation from a rehabilitation medicine spe- cialist is crucial in slowing down the progression of the disease and speeding up rehabilita- tion.