Bone and soft tissue augmentation in the oral cavity is an important preprosthetic intervention in implantology. If there is deficiency of one and/or other tissue, there will also be lack of esthetic outcome and the satisfaction of patient. Alveolar ridge defects usually appear as a consequence of an inflamation, trauma or traumatic tooth extraction. The ridge resorption classification is based on a vertical and horizontal deficiency assessment. The augmentation techniques include GBR with resorbable and non-resorbable membranes, bone block augmentation, vertical distraction, ridge splitting and sinus lifting. The types of bone grafts, regarding their origin, are autologous, allogenic, xenogenic and alloplastic. Important features they have are osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity and ostegenecity. Soft tissue grafts are used when there is a deficiency of periimplant soft tissue. They can be connective tissue (subepithelial connective tissue-inlay) or epithelial-connective tissue (free gingival/mucosal-onlay) grafta. In today's implantology, inlay grafts are most commonly used. The transplantation can be carried out in one procedure together with bone augmentation, as an independent procedure after the implantation and before reopening, or during the reopening procedure. Materials for augmentation can be autologous, allogenic or xenogenic.