Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by the appearance of typical symptoms and signs. The most common symptoms, dyspnoea and feeling of tiredness, are accompanied by signs such as filled jugular veins, peripheral edema, and lung rales. In the basis of heart failure is heart dysfunction, structural or functional, which prevents adequate blood supply of peripheral tissues and organs and thus affects the entire body. Heart failure is a global problem and the prevalence of 2% in Europe is growing. Problems associated with heart failure are high mortality and high hospitalization rates. The presence of comorbidities and insufficient patient education are common causes of rehospitalization. Every patient is entitled to an equally successful treatment that can only be achieved by a good knowledge of the complexity of the disease and by following current guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure. Existing knowledge of cardiac failure needs to be constantly upgraded by additional research that will focus on the development of new, more successful therapies.