Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx represents more than 95% of malignant tumours of the larynx. IMP3 is an oncofetal RNA-binding protein, which, as a biomarker, is associated with the progression of numerous malignant tumours and is useful for the staging of dysplastic lesions.By review of the available scientific literature, we found that there is only one scientific paper that deals with the expression of IMP3 protein in laryngeal SCC. Aim: To determine the correlation of IMP3 expression with histopathological and clinical features of SCC and precancerous lesions of the larynx, which would allow the use of IMP3 as one of the prognostic biomarkers in carcinogenesis of squamous epithelium of the larynx, with the possibilities of targeted therapy. Methods: This retrospective study included 153 patients divided into three groups - 68 in the SCC group, 41 in the precancerous group and 44 in the control group. Tissue microarray technology was used for immunohistochemical staining of tissue samples to determine the expression of biomarkers IMP3, Ki-67, p53 and cyclin d1. Results: We found an association of IMP3 expression with histopathological and clinical features of SCC and laryngeal precancerous lesions. All analysed biomarkers show good predictive value (AUC˃0.6). IMP3 is the only statistically significant biomarker in predicting whether a subject has SCC of the larynx or not. A subject with IMP3%> 12.5 is 1.1 times more likely to have SCC than a subject with IMP3% ≤12.5. The pattern of Ki-67 expression, and even more so IMP3, between the three examined groups, appears to be that the control group and the precancerous group are similar, and the SCC group differs significantly from them. In contrast, we did not find such a "grouping" in the analysis of the frequency of expression of p53 and cyclin D1. Conclusion: A sharp increase in the frequency of expression between the precancerous and SCC groups is particularly pronounced in IMP3. Thus, it becomes a desirable and important diagnostic target, it can influence the clinical decision whether there is a need for additional modalities of therapy after surgery, and it can also have significant prognostic value. A prerequisite for this are, of course, additional studies to elucidate the exact molecular mechanisms behind these molecular-phenotypic transformations of precancerous cells in the pathway of invasive laryngeal SCC.