Amputation is a surgical removal of a part or of an entire limb. It affects functioning, activity and independence of the patient. Rehabilitation after amputation of a lower limb is a complex process during which the amputated patient receives professional assistance and support. The aim of a rehabilitation process is to restore patient’s independence in the performance of daily activities and to improve their quality of life. Rehabilitation should start immediately after the decision on amputation has been made. It consists of three stages. In the preoperative stage, the level of amputation is estimated, patient is provided psychological support and the functional rehabilitation programme commences. The postoperative stage comprises wound care and oedema control, pharmacological pain therapy and continuation of functional rehabilitation. The third stage is the prosthetic one, aimed toward getting the patient adapted to the prosthesis. Selection of an appropriate prosthesis is an individual issue which depends on factors affecting patient’s ambulation. There are physical factors such as: the length of the limb, the knee and hip muscular strength, range of motion and contractures, while the prosthesis-related factors are the socket design, suspension and prosthetic foot/knee design. In addition, it is of exceptional importance for the patient to be instructed on the importance of exercise, correct ambulation and adjustment of the prosthesis. The process takes quite a time because it requires continuous monitoring of the patient in order to ensure timely intervention in case of difficulties arising in particular stages of the rehabilitation process and prostheses use.