Gastric cancer was once the second most common cancer in the world, but the incidence rates have significantly decreased due to improved sanitary conditions, the use of antibiotics and increased consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables. Nevertheless, gastric cancer remains challenging to treat in Western countries where it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. The main findings of the study include the identification of key genetic mutations such as TP53, CDH1, and PIK3CA, which play a crucial role in the development and progression of gastric cancer. The author also emphasizes the importance of epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications that contribute to the deregulation of genes essential for cell proliferation and survival. The role of signaling pathways like Wnt/beta-catenin and Hedgehog is also significant in regulating cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The tumor microenvironment, including the microbiome and immune cells, also plays an important role in disease progression, where chronic inflammation caused by H. pylori infection can lead to cell damage and genetic mutations. The author highlights that despite advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms, gastric cancer remains a challenge to treat. Improvements in therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapies and immunotherapy, as well as further research into genetic and epigenetic changes, are crucial for improving the treatment and prognosis of patients with this disease.