Pediatric anesthesia includes anesthetic procedures in patients who are in the process of rapid development and growth. Children differ from adults by anatomy and physiology, which determines the anesthetic technique and care. Dosage of drugs is determined by the age and body weight. Care for the health of the child, and all medical procedures related to a child is a special process that involves social and psychological aspects of health care. The goal of the paper is to present nurse's work and role in preoperative preparations and postoperative surveilance of children. The number presented is the number of anesthesia performed from January 1 to December 31, 2014 at the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, the children's department of anesthesia Kantrida, Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive care. The number of effective anesthesia was 1086, and emergency 526, out of which in the summer months there were more of those urgent ones because of the tourist season. Particular emphasis is given to the parents, since a few years ago they were allowed to stay with their child preoperatively and thus become active participants of the anesthesia process. The most frequent problems are related to communication, which will require more education. Misunderstandings which arise can be avoided or solved by continuously investing in human relations of the staff, young patients and their parents in all situations that arise while waiting for surgery, the results of treatment or difficult decisions. Current formal education of nurses and anesthesiology team is not enough for such a specific work environment and conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously educate personnel and create written protocols that take into account the needs of children involved in the anesthesia care, parents, anesthetic nurses, and the entire healthcare team participates in the process of treating the child.