The aim of this study is to describe the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods and treatment options of deformities and diseases of the thoracic wall. Deformities of the thoracic wall include pectus excavatum, pectus carinatum, Poland's syndrome, sternal defects, asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy and spondylothoracic dysplasia. Pectus excavatum is the most common anomaly of the chest wall occurring in 1:400 newborns. It is characterized by sternal depression. Psychological and social problems prevail in majority of patients, but respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms can occur as well. Today, these anomalies are mostly treated by the minimally invasive Nuss method. Pectus carinatum is 10 times less represented than pectus excavatum and is characterized by chest wall protrusion. Beside problems related to the appearance, there are no other symptoms. Other deformities are not common. Inflammation can affect any part of the thoracic wall. Costochondritis is an inflammation of costochondral junctions between ribs and the breastbone. The chest pain occurs and it is important to eliminate more dangerous causes of chest pain. Tumors of the chest wall are rare and heterogeneous. Metastatic tumors are more common than primary. Diagnostics involve CT or MR and biopsy, and in treatment surgical procedures, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used.