Syncope is a symptom that indicates transient loss of consciousness caused by cerebral hypoperfusion. It is a frequent problem that leads patients to emergency departments and is the cause of 1% - 6% of all hospital admissions, moreover it is estimated that the annual cost of hospitalization associated with syncope amounts to $ 2.4 billion in USA. Although syncope is most often caused by a benign condition, the substrate can be a serious heart disease, which is able to lead to serious complications and even sudden cardiac death. In addition, the decline in quality of life due to frequent injuries during falls, particularly in the elderly, is a major health problem. For these reasons, it is important to identify patients who should be immediately admitted to the hospital because of the risk of complications and fatal outcome of those where there is no such danger. This is precisely the role of risk stratification of syncope. It is believed that the use of standardized guidelines for risk stratification, can reduce hospital admissions by 52% without significant risk of cardiovascular incidents. The main goals of treatment of syncope are prolonging life, prevent recurrences of syncope, limit physical injuries and thus improve the quality of life. Since syncope is symptom caused by a wide spectrum of disorders, the therapy is diverse also. Depending on the etiology it can consist of an adequate intake of salt and fluids up to the implantation of cardioverter defibrillator. All these facts emphasize the extremely important role of risk stratification and targeted diagnostic for effective treatment of syncope.