Normal hormonal signalling at these times is critical to future reproductive health. However, there is limited and conflicting experimental and epidemiological evidence to support a role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in premature puberty, breast development, in causing fibroids (PCBs), endometriosis (phthalates and dioxins),PCOS and infertility. Also, there is limited evidence that potential endocrine disruptors such as cadmium, and organophosphate pesticides are associated with the increased risk of miscarriage, preterm delivery and reduced foetal growth. Endocrine disruptors are exogenous chemicals or chemical mixtures that can interfere with many aspects of hormone action either influencing directly the hormone, or indirectly by interfering with its metabolism. Chemical potency on a hormone system is dependent upon many factors including receptor abundance etc. Though sensitivity to endocrine disruption is the highest during tissue development, endocrine disrupting chemicals produce non-linear dose responses both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it is important to note that endocrine disruptors at low doses can produce additive effects. There are many gaps in our knowledge of endocrine disruption and its effects on female reproductive system. Many of the mechanisms are still poorly understood and the number of examined chemicals is small. Moreover, endocrine endpoints measured in vitro are not adequate to detect possible roles of endocrine disrupting chemicals in inducing great number of the female reproductive disorders and diseases. Better information on how and when endocrine disrupting chemicals act is needed to reduce exposures during development and prevent disease from occurring. A clear example of success is primary prevention through exposure control. We have identified new emerging need to take the advantage of current knowledge to improve human and wildlife health by prevention environmentally induced diseases.