A golden standard of treatment of advanced laryngeal carcinoma was total laryngectomy with neck dissection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, but with progress in medicine a larynx preservation strategy has been developed. In surgical methods, endoscopic laser surgery shows as equally good results as total laryngectomy, but with less complications, shorter hospitalization, quicker recovery and better outcome on the patient’s quality of life. With improvement in radiotherapeutic techniques and with the introduction of new chemotherapeutic agents in treatment protocols, nonsurgical methods have been constantly changing and improving. Today, the most widely accepted method is concomitant chemoradiotherapy, but radiotherapy, induction chemotherapy and targeted therapy are also considerable options. Chemotherapy agents which are in use are cisplatin alone or in a combination with 5-fluorouracil or with other chemotherapeutics. The lastest conservative approach is targeted therapy i.e. adding cetuximab (monoclonal antibody against epidermal grow factor receptor which is expressed by planocellular carcinoma cells) in concomitant chemoradiotherapy. It has been shown that patients tolerate cetuximab therapy better and that they can receive the complete chemotherapeutic protocol, but further studies are needed. While choosing an optimal treatment method, apart from localization, stage of a tumor, patient’s age, health status, comorbidities, complications, hospitalization duration and overall benefit, patient’s quality of life should also be taken into account.