Postpartum psychosis is a rare disease that occurs during the postpartum period. If unrecognized and untreated, it can lead to undesirable consequences such as suicide, aggressive maternal behavior and even infanticide. The aim of this paper is to investigate risk factors, treatment and differences between postpartum psychosis and schizophrenia-spectrum psychoses. This survey article includes articles found in PubMed with keywords ("postpartum psychosis" AND (etiology OR epidemiology OR risk factors OR treatment OR lactation OR cause OR clinical presentation OR psychosocial treatment OR psychosis)) with a restriction that they were published between 2007 and 2017. Overall, there are 63 articles, including 10 case reports, 4 case series, 17 review papers, 2 meta analyses and 30 original scientific articles. From the articles it follows that the most significant risk factors are a positive family history of affective psychosis and postpartum psychosis, previous psychiatric disorders, especially bipolar disorder and postpartum psychosis, primiparity and lack of sleep just before and after delivery. The treatment consists of the use of pharmacological preparations, electroconvulsive therapy, psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions, with special emphasis on breastfeeding, motherhood and the development of mother and child relationship, but also on the inclusion of the father and the whole family with the aim of recreating family functionality. The cause for postpartum psychosis, unlike schizophrenia, is known, psychological and socioeconomic factors do not affect the development of the disease as much, it does not last as long and most of the patients manage to fully recover. Women who have previously suffered from postpartum psychosis and bipolar disorder have a greater chance of developing the disease, while the course of treatment should take into consideration the changes in the reproductive system related to the postnatal period, breastfeeding and the newborn's health.