The need for safety represents one of the fundamental human needs. Coming to a new and unfamiliar environment (healthcare institution), as well as worries about diagnostic and therapy procedures may result in fear and the feeling of insecurity in patients. Patients expect to be treated in the best possible manner and that their condition will improve, as well as that procedures implemented within their treatment will not lead to deterioration of their condition. An equally wide choice and preferential treatment within healthcare activities is today expected the same as from any other service. Thus, a great attention has recently been paid to achieving, maintaining, measuring and improving healthcare quality. Investing in patient safety and quality improvement is economically efficient for a healthcare subject, as well as for the wider community as a whole. It is necessary to develop a system that will ensure the implementation of nursing care in compliance with accepted standards, systematic collection and analysis of data on undesired events, error-based learning and setting up standards according to which it will be possible to measure the safety and quality of nursing care. As nurses spend a significant part of their working hours in direct contact with patients and frequently act as coordinators of the patients’ overall healthcare treatment, they must tend to quality and improvement of their services and the safety of patients they provide care for. Providing nursing care lead by a well-thought integration of the best available scientific insights and clinical experience allows for critical assessment of research data, guidelines and other sources of information in order to identify the problem correctly and apply the best interventions. The improvement and development of healthcare quality (patient safety) requires knowledge, selection and application of specific methods and tools adapted to the possibilities of individual healthcare institutions. Better care improves the overall treatment quality, which contributes to safe treatment oriented towards achieving positive healthcare outcomes, which results in the reduction of costs for individuals, family, employers and the society.