Proximal femur fractures are a group of fractures in the hip region. They are typical for older patients, especially for those who have osteoporosis. Considering this group of patients, fractures are usually result of low energy trauma, while when it comes to younger patients, it happens as a result of high energy trauma. An overwhelming majority of hip fracture patients (>90%) aged above 50. The incidence of these fractures is 2-3 times more frequent in females as compared to the male population. They are classified according to the anatomical location into: femoral head fracture, neck of femur fracture, pertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fracture. Each of these fracture types requires special methods of treatment and has its own set of complications and controversies regarding the optimal method of menagement. Prosthetic replacement of neck femur fractures is generally accepted as the best method of treatment for geriatric patients. There are two main types of hip replacement: hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty, which is much more performed. Regarding the fixation of prosthesis we distinguish cemented and cementless hip replacement. Nowdays we can choose among various materials and designs of femoral and acetabular hip components. Components are selected according to the patient's lifestyle and activity, the patient's anticipated longevity, the bone quality, the availability of implants and proper instrumentation, and the experience of the surgeon.