Body composition dependes on proper nutrition. Reduced or increased intake of certain food ingredients is caused by poor diet and it disrupts the body composition and the nutritional status. Supervision and assessment of nutritional status is a useful activity, because it shows adequacy of growth and development and it helps to assess the current health state and it can serve as a factor of prognosis of health state in the future. Assessment of nutritional status of infants, children, pregnant women and other vulnerable groups of the population is of special importance. The nutritional status of mothers significantly affects fetal growth, perinatal mortality, neonatal morbidity and postnatal growth. There are direct methods that are more accurate and indirect methods that are less accurate, but simpler and more suitable to determine body composition. During pregnancy distribution of fat tissue dependes on hormonal changes. Blood estrogens have influence on the peripheral, and progesterone on central distribution of subcutaneous fat tissue. Changes in biceps and triceps skinfolds indicate the dependency on the level of estrogen, and subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds on the level of progesterone in the blood of pregnant women. The index of centripetal fat pattern decreases significantly in pregnancy and is referred to peripheral redistribution of body fat in pregnancy.