Prehypertension is defined as blood pressure between 120-139/80-89 mmHg. It is present in all age groups and affects 25–50% of adults globally. Risk factors associated with prehypertension (PHT) are obesity, higher waist circumference, diabetes mellitus, smoking, dislypidemia, alcohol consummation. It increases the relative risk of incident hypertension as well as incidence of cardiovascular disease, especially in its stage 2 (130-139/85-89 mmHg) which accounts also for increase in mortality. For middle-aged individuals without diabetes mellitus and CVD, risk is 10% while it rises to 40% for those affected with diseases mentioned earlier. Follow up of individuals with prehypertension revealed that they have atrial and ventricular enlargement, increased carotid intima-to-media thickness, increased stiffness of large arteries, changes of retinal blood vessels, as well as signs of global endotelial dysfunction, presented as microalbuminuria. It is however unclear whether some of those changes are solely the consequence or they can be partially the cause of prehypertension. With lifestyle changes it is possible to decrease the risk for incident hypertension by 20%, while antihypertensive monotherapy lowers it by 34–66%. For now, positive results have been obtained with angiotensin receptor blockers and ACE-inhibitors. Data on primary prevention effectiveness are still insufficient. It is important to identify PHT individuals with increased risk for developing CVD disease. Current knowledge on prehypertension shows that it is of utter importance to conduct further large population studies on possibilities to treat prehypertension with antihypertensive therapy. Furthermore, educating population about prehypertension risks is a significant challenge for primary care in the future. It is also necessary to create an effective public health strategy for coping with this problem.