This paper is an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, histology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and diagnostics, as well as of the indications for operating procedures and the approach to varicocele treatment. Under the term varicocele, we assume the varicose dilatation of the pampiniform plexus. In children under the age of 10, this is a rare finding, while it can be found in approximately 15% of adolescents. Varicocele findings can be left-sided, right-sided and both-sided. In clinical practise, we mostly find left-sided varicoceles which can be explained by retroperitoneal anatomy. In adolescents, varicocele is usually asymptomatic, however it can also be accompanied by scrotal pain. For setting a diagnosis, a clinical examination paired with an ultrasound is mostly sufficient. Seeing as how this condition can cause long-term patient subfertility, it is of the utmost importance to make timely decisions on operating procedures. There are a number of surgical techniques that can be used to resolve the pathology. Until recently, operations have been conducted exclusively using the open transingvinal or supraingvinal technique. The use of other, less invasive methods is, however, becoming more often. Nowadays, laparoscopic methods are the methods of choice.