Low back pain is common among population and it makes up to one third of all rheumatic diseases. Sciatica appears in 1% -3% of the general adult population. There are intervertebral discs between the vertebral bodies that are made of the central gelatinous part, nucleus pulposus, surrounded by fibrous ring, anulus fibrosus. Intervertebral disc disorders are considered to be the most common cause of pain in the lower back and radicular pain. In diagnosing this condition we can use patient history, physical examination, imaging techniques and minimally invasive diagnostic procedures such as segmental nerve blockage and neurophysiological examination. There are several provocative tests at the lower extremities in which some extremity positions can reduce or increase lumbosacral radicular pain and point to a particular pathology. Magnetic Resonance (MR) is the method of choice for diagnosing lumbosacral radicular syndrome because the soft tissue is shown well. To differentiate the peripheral nerve pathology from spinal nerve root pathology, we use electrophysiological methods. When we want to determine at which level of the spine is pathological process, which causes pain, we use segmental nerve blockage. Treatment in the acute phase of the disease is always conservative. If it does not prove effective, it is recommended to start considering a surgical treatment. Surgical approach can be classical and minimal invasive.