Antenatal care in the form we know it today exists for last few decades and it includes mother and child supervision with the aim of improving the prenatal outcome. In addition to screening for fetal anomalies, the main purpose of prenatal surveillance is nutritional and impaired oxygenation estimation. Although their detection with most commonly used surveillance methods (CTG, Doppler, biophysical profile) is not entirely reliable, the primary goal is to identify fetal endurance and to complete pregnancy before irreversible damage occurs. In the first trimester, it is necessary to evaluate the duration of pregnancy by ultrasound and make biometric measurements so that growth restriction or other pathology can be more easily observed during pregnancy. If there is a higher risk for fetal anomalies, it is advisable to make a laboratory screening for Down's syndrome and the anomalous closure of the neural tube. In the case of positive laboratory tests, invasive methods of prenatal diagnosis are being carried out to confirm that findings. In case we doubt of hypoxia, there are three most commonly used methods of surveillance. The biophysical profile, which includes four ultrasound-measured components, can be used to estimate the current fetal state and to gain insight into the quality of oxygenation during a longer period of time. The umbilical artery Doppler has proven to be a good predictor of the ultimate outcome of pregnancy, and in high-risk pregnancies when combined with a non-stress test, it leads to a better outcome. The gold standard for fetal control during childbirth is cardiotocography. Although there is some doubt about the necessity of CTG in low-risk pregnant women, it is certainly of great importance in situations where there is suspicion of fetal hypoxia. Additional methods of hypoxia estimation during labor are fetal blood sampling and fetal pulse oximetry.