Melanoma is a malignant tumor of the skin that arises from pigment cells called melanocytes. Its expanded and most aggressive form is metastatic melanoma. Melanoma develops due to different environmental and personal risk factors, the most important of which is the effect of UVB rays or direct exposure to sunlight. Precisely for this reason, all over the world through many public health actions awareness is being raised about the harmful effects of the sun. The children are particularly sensitive population to the sun exposure, because later in life they will have a greater risk for developing melanoma. In addition to reduced sun exposure, the most important prevention is regular self-control and seeking professional help if there is a suspicion of a changed lesion. The first step in diagnostics is a whole body check and dermatoscopy of suspicious lesions, while the final diagnosis is histopathological analysis. There are four different major histological subtypes of melanoma: superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, lentigo malignant melanoma, and acrylic lentiginous melanoma. After determining the extent of the disease and its histological analysis we should stage the tumor by the TNM classification in order to determine the appropriate treatment for each patient. The therapy of choice in locally spread disease is surgical excision. If the disease has spread to lymph nodes, an additional treatment solution is regional lymphadenectomy. In tumors with the presence of distant metastases and in unresectable tumors the therapy of choice is targeted and immunotherapy. Their discovery has been a revolutionary breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and results that have been achieved were better than anyone had hoped for. Overall survival for these patients has increased by several years, and further research is expected to result in even greater progress.