Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder accompanied by prolonged elevated blood glucose levels due to insufficient secretion of insulin, i.e. its reduced function or complete absence of action. This results in metabolism disorders of carbohydrates, fats and protein, increased blood glucose levels, and cellular fatigue in the body. The basic feature of diabetes in children is its insulin dependency - the need for insulin therapy, not only for the control of the disease, but also for survival. Diabetes begins by causing autoimmune inflammation and the gradual destruction of pancreatic beta-cells in genetically prone individuals, and the whole process is triggered by some effects from the environment, most commonly mentioned are viruses, toxins, drugs, food ingredients and stress. Diabetes type 1is one of the most common chronic diseases in children whose incidence is increasing, especially in younger age groups. Of about 440,000 children suffering from Type 1 diabetes worldwide, the fifth lives in Europe. The incidence of diabetes in Croatia is almost 10 per 100,000 children per year, and according to the trends described in Europe and in the United States, there is an increase in incidence, especially in younger age groups. The education of parents and children is the foundation for good blood glucose control and the disease itself. The nurses' education process begins with the first hospitalization of a child due to newly discovered diabetes. Education continues on a permanent basis, adapts to the age of the child and changes as the child grows up. In addition to training on day-care and proper nutrition, it is of great importance to improve the emotional adaptation of the whole family to the newly discovered disease. Parents are expected to have an active approach, day-to-day self-control and decision-making, which is not easy at all. The result of a quality approach of a nurse to a child and his / her family is a well-educated parent and child, strong motivation and excellent communication with the diabetes team. A nurse as a member of a health team and as an educator plays a significant role in treating the disease because the way the parents and the child deal with the disease depends on their education about the disease and therefore influences the quality of their life.