Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease that damages neurons in nigrostriatal dopaminergic brain regions. It occurs in approximately 1% of the population aged over 60 years. It is believed that the etiology is multifactorial and results from interaction of genetic and environmental factors, while a large part is attributed to the action of free radicals, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress mechanism. Perhaps the most important challenge for the treatment of PD is mechanism how to delay or prevent further loss of dopaminergic and nondopaminergic neurons. This review presents the most important results of previous studies or systematic review of preclinical data on neuroprotective agents for PD. Levodopa is currently considered the gold standard for neuroprotective effects in PD, as the study showed. There are unanimously positive attitudes about the impact on the development of PD for inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), dopamine agonists, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, calcium channel blockers and nicotine. The data suggest that caffeine and melatonin are potent neuroprotectant and there are still no unanimous reliable data for acetylsalicylic acid, curcumin, coenzyme Q10 and green tea. Different results and attitudes of these issues point to the need for further research with clearly defined criteria and objectives in order to obtain reliable data. Only such data can be a starting point for inclusion in clinical practice based on evidence and can greatly contribute to the development of new and effective ways of treating PD.