A rhegmatogenous retinal detachment occurs when a break in the retina leads to fluid accumulation with a separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium.Three pre-requisites for the development of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment are liquefaction of the vitreous, tractional forces that produce a retinal break, and a retinal break through which fluid gains access into the subretinal space. This is an ophthalmologic emergency that can rapidly progress to irreversible vision loss in the affected eye. Scleral buckling surgery, which is used in treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, is based on the anatomic correction of the space created between the detached sensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium. The most important skill required in surgery for retinal detachment is the ability to detect all retinal breaks. Scleral buckling is performed to produce functional closure of retinal breaks responsible for retinal detachment and to reduce the chances of recurrent detachment. In the procedure the silicone sponge and the solid silicone band are used for encircling the eye. The anatomic result after scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachments are dependent on many preoperative and intraoperative factors. The strongest predictor of postoperative reattachment and vision is the preoperative status of the macula. Detachments with the macula attached (macula-on) at the time of surgery have significantly better anatomic and visual result. Over the past 40 years, the materials and techniques of scleral buckling surgery have undergone continued refinement, resulting in a high rate of retinal reattachment. Today, overall reattachment rates of greater than 90% are expected.