During childhood, long bones display endochondral and appositional growth patterns when growing in length and width and the bone resorption process occurs at the same time. Femur stops growing at the age of 20, when all ossification centres have unified with the rest of the bone. At that point, it becomes impossible to correct posttraumatic deformities: an injury might compromise the vascularisation of a growing bone, which inevitably causes disruptions in further growth. Fractures in childhood are classified according to special classification systems that facilitate documenting, epidemiological research, decisions on the treatment, prognosis, identification of possible problems, etc. Femur is divided into three regions - proximal, medial and distal. Fractures of those three parts are different and occur with different frequency and complications, which makes their treatment and prognosis different as well. Modern treatment options are numerous, conservative and/or surgical. The choice of the treatment will also depend on the age of the child, i.e. the remaining bone growth time and the remodelling potential of the bone. Diagnostic is based on the medical history, a clinical presentation obtained after a careful examination of the child and Xrays of the affected area and, occasionally, of the contralateral limb. Fractures morphologically, pathologically and physiologically typical for childhood occur on more resilient growing bones. These specific fracture are incomplete fractures (e.g. green-stick type fractures, plastic bowing deformations), and fractures of growth plate. There are also etiological idiosyncrasies, fractures at birth and fractures caused through child abuse.