Biliary atresia is a rare disease of undetermined etiology, characterized by the presence of impenetrable bile ducts, which may be found separately or joined with disruptions of other organ systems. It is most commonly presented in the newborn or infants by appearance of jaundice, acholic stools and dark urine, suggestive of an obstruction which disables the physiological flow of bile into the intestine. In tardy recognized cases, signs of advanced liver damage can be detected, such as ascites, venous varices and portal encephalopathy. In most patients Kasai HPE is performed as a primary intervention. By creating an anastomosis between an isolated intestinal loop and the liver hilum, a pathway allowing the flow of bile is established, which, in case of success, leads to disappearance of signs of cholestasis. In spite of the operation, the majority of patients eventually require a liver transplant. The most common postoperative complication, as well as one of the most significant factors affecting the outcome after HPE, is the inflammation of bile ducts or cholangitis, believed to develop as a consequence of multiple factors favoring translocation of bacteria from the intestine and their persistence in the biliary tree. Earlier and more common episodes of inflammation are associated with a more rapid native liver deterioration and an earlier need for transplantation. Various combinations and administration regimes of antibiotics effective towards most commonly isolated causative bacteria are used in order to prevent cholangitis. Additionally, corticosteroids are administered due to their anti-inflammatory nature and positive effect on bile flow, and ursodeoxycholic acid shows a choleretic effect as well. The treatment of acute inflammation is based on intravenous administration of wide-range antibiotics and possibly intravenous immunoglobulins.