Cytomegalovirus is a member of the herpesviridae family. It shows a high seroprevalence worldwide and it causes disease in both children and adults. It is the most common cause of congenital infections. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge among 4th, 5th and 6th year medical students in the Republic of Croatia about the congenital infection itself. The study included 602 students of both sexes from four universities and was conducted through a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of demographic data, multiple choice questions and multiple response questions in various categories about the cytomegalovirus infection. Most of the respondents were female 6th year students from the University of Zagreb. The average level of knowledge was 50.84%, which indicates a generally low level of knowledge about this infection. Students' knowledge was compared by gender, year of study, faculty, exam status in the course of Infectious Diseases and interests in medical fields. No statistically significant difference was found in the total number of points according to any of these parameters, but in some categories in which the questionnaire was conducted (transmission, symptoms, diagnostics, therapy and prevention) statistically significant differences were found, which indicate the lowest level of knowledge in University of Osijek students. In general, the importance of disease prevention should be emphasized, and here the results showed a very low level of knowledge. For the Republic of Croatia, 27.6% of the respondents knew that there was no screening method for cCMV, and 56.5% knew that there was no vaccine. Overall, the results of this research show a low level of knowledge and awareness about the cCMV infection that can have severe and long-lasting consequences. This leads to a conclusion that it is important to educate students about this disease, so that it can be recognized and treated in time in the future.