Lung cancer is one of the leading non-communicable diseases in the world. It is the leading cause of death from malignancies with more than 1.5 million deaths. Late diagnosis is one of the basic obstacles for curing this disease. Classical chemotherapy and radiotherapy have not been succesful in reaching the desired results in treatment of NSCLC. They prolong a patient’s life for a relatively short amount of time and do not offer a cure. Knowing that the immune system plays a major role in carcinogenesis opens up new possibilities for cancer treatment. Considering that tumors have managed to avoid the control of the immune system and therefore grow and metastasize, the idea behind the new therapy is to stimulate the antitumor mechanisms and directly inhibit the growth. The principles of immunotherapy are mostly based on the manipulation of antibodies, immune cells and key receptors. Checkpoint blockers have shown good efficacy in the treatment of patients with lung cancer previously treated with classic chemotherapy. Patients with a high share of PD-L1 biomarkers (over 50%) are suitable for new therapy as a first line treatment. Adoptive cell therapy collects immune cells from peripheral blood or the tumor itself and expands the tumor specific cell line ex-vivo. Recent genetic engineering research has focused on the creation of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on the surface of T cells. The advantage of a synthetically created CARs is that its scFv domain bypasses the tumor-suppressed MHC molecule. Such and similar knowledge in the field of immunooncology and the newly discovered molecular properties of the tumor itself have set the groundwork for mastering the existing and seeking new treatment.