In the overall pattern of fractures of the extremities in the paediatric age group, supracondylar fractures are the second most common fracture. Not only are they common but also they are often associated with complications such as vascular and nerve injuries and had a greater rate of poor results than any other type of extremity fracture. The bony architecture of the supracondylar area of the humerus and laxity of the ligamentous structures in children are the major factor in producing supracondylar fractures in paediatric age. X-ray differentiation and classification of the various types of supracondylar fractures can be difficult but enables the physician to make a decision about treatment and provide some type of prognosis. Careful initial clinical examination to determine the integrity of the neurovascular structures is imperative for any further treatment. The method of treatment depends on the degree and type of displacement. The treatment of each type of fracture, indication for operative management and complications is detailed and summarized. Supracondylar fracture is an injury with great magnitude and a considerable soft tissue injury. Although the metaphyseal bone in paediatric age is healing rapidly, after removal of the cast after three weeks, loss of range of motion is common. The major functional problem appears to be changes in elbow mobility, either loss of flexion or loss of extension or hyperextension. Active range of motion is started at the child’s own pace followed by physiotherapy. The goals of physical therapy are rapid recovery of motion and avoidance of late complications. Physical therapy procedures used in the elbow rehabilitation are described. Children receiving physical therapy are expected to achieve a more rapid return of normal elbow range of motion.