The medial and lateral collateral ligaments in part comprise the outer capsule of the knee joint and contribute to its functional stability. By apprehension of the anatomy and biomechanical structure, we develop a better clinical assessment, which benefits the efficacy and outcome in treatment in terms of injury and functionality. The collateral ligaments of the knee are frequently damaged when injuries of the knee are present. The mechanism of injury of the medial collateral ligament entails over abduction at the knee joint while the leg is extended or by way of external rotation of the knee joint with slight flexion and abduction. The lateral collateral ligaments are not so commonly injured during rotations of the knee due to their anatomical location. Most commonly, the ligament tears at its distal point of insertion on the fibula, where the mechanics of injury may lead to the breaking off this bony insertion point. To successfully manage such injuries, it is imperative to correctly diagnose these patients. This is achieved by obtaining a detailed patient history, and physical examination using orthopedic tests which include the Varus and Valgus stress tests during flexion of the kne e at a range of 0 to 30 degrees. The extent of injury in the aforemention ed ligaments is graded as first, second or third degree. Medial collateral ligament injuries of the first, second and isolated third degree are managed by the early rehabilitation therapy and focus on strength and functional motion range optimization. Multiple and more severe injuries require surgical reconstruction of the ligament and surrounding tissues. Injuries of the lateral collateral ligament of the first and second degree are managed conservatively with rehabilitation, while injuries of the third degree with loss of stability are surgically reconstructed. The criteria for return to activity includes no pain on completion of full range of motion, absence of any instability during clinical examination and recovery of muscle strength comparable to that of the uninjured contralateral leg.