Fertility is the natural ability of producing an offspring. It is influenced by a number of factors that are divided into primary - directly related to the organism and secondary - all external influences, including diet. The most important impact of diet on women's fertility diet happens in the periconceptional period when key processes such as folliculogenesis, fertilization, blastogenesis, implantation and early gestation take place. The impact of diet is broken down on the action of micro and macronutrients. Micronutrients include vitamins and minerals. They act as cofactors of enzymes involved in reproductive functions and as antioxidants. Vitamins necessary for women's fertility are folate, vitamins B6 and B12 which act through 1-C metabolism, of which amino acid homocysteine is the part and vitamins A, C and D. Among the minerals, trace elements have a significant effect, out of which iron, copper, zinc, selenium and iodine have a more important role. The daily intake of micronutrients must be maintained continuously with a balanced diet, and often supplemented due to increased needs in the periconceptional period. Macronutrients are carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Macronutrients provide a source of energy for the periconceptional processes, enable the action of micronutrients, maintain hormonal balance and general homeostasis of the organism. Their quality, quantity and balance in diet make key factors that exert an indirect effect on fertility through glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity and direct effect on female fertility. The positive effects of micro and macronutrients include improved follicle development, oocyte maturation and ovulatory function, preservation of ovarian reserve, successful fertilization, blastogenesis and implantation, and fetal growth and development, which is ultimately reflected in the increased pregnancy and live birth rates.