Neonatal apnea is defined as any cessation of breathing longer than 20 seconds or shorter cessations of breathing accompanied by bradycardia and/or hypoxemia. The most common is apnea of prematurity, also known as idiopathic apnea. The etiology of this clinical entity is not yet fully understood, but the most important etiological factor is considered to be immaturity of respiratory control. Almost all premature newborns born at less than 28 weeks of gestation and practically all who weigh less than 1000 grams at birth suffer from apnea of prematurity, but its incidence decreases in accordance with increasing postmenstrual age. Apnea is usually first detected by cardiorespiratory monitoring device on the second or third day of life and its resolution usually occurs between 36 and 40 weeks of postmenstrual age. Prognosis is good but potential long-term effects are yet to be investigated. Caffeine plays a central role in therapy. Its action is based on central stimulation of breathing and it has been shown as safer and easier to administer than other methylxanthines. The therapy often requires noninvasive ventilation. The most commonly used is nCPAP, but research shows the potential benefits of applying other NIV modalities such as biPAP, NAVA and HFNC. A small number of apneas cannot be resolved by applying the treatment methods mentioned above, so it is necessary to introduce invasive mechanical ventilation. Although less commonly, neonatal apnea also occurs in full term infants, mainly as a result of various precipitating factors and diseases, so its resolution in these newborns depends on the treatment of primary pathology.