Assisted reproductive technology involves a set of methods to treat the infertility in one or both partners. These are clinical and laboratory technologies that achieve fertilization and pregnancy when all other forms of treatment become ineffective. Infertility has become a major population and public health problem. The main causes of infertility are the high age of female and male partner, delayed parenthood, and a number of lifestyle-related factors. Understanding the regulation of the reproductive system and advanced methods of diagnosing and treating infertility, enables many couples to achieve clinical pregnancies and give birth to a healthy child. In Croatia, medically assisted reproduction is regulated by law, which determines the conditions, rights, obligations and responsibilities of all participants in these procedures. The most commonly used methods of medically assisted reproduction are IUI - intrauterine insemination, ITI - intratubal insemination, IVF - in vitro fertilization and ICSI - intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Other procedures that are performed are the insertion of gametes, zygotes or embryos into the fallopian tube (GIFT, ZIFT, and TET) and cryopreservation of semen, eggs or embryos for future fertilization. ART treats 70 to 80% of all causes of infertility, and each procedure must be preceded by an individualized approach and quality treatment to minimize risks and complications.