Bone transplantation is a surgical procedure that uses transplanted bone tissue and implants to repair and repair diseased or damaged bones. Nowadays, bone grafts are used in reconstructive orthopedics, from simple types of fractures to extensive procedures for the treatment of tumors of the locomotor system and complex reconstructions of the spine. The scrub nurse plays a major role in the bone transplant procedure. Among other things, she cares about patient safety in order to make the operation as safe and without complications as possible, and to make the patient safe includes a range of knowledge and skills in all aspects, starting from ethical principles and respecting the principles of patient rights. The success of this work is based on skill, stability, speed and decision, which is one of the foundations of successful treatment in well – established teams. It is essential that the scrub nurse has good communication skills to be able to communicate with all members of the operating team. The basis of the operating room is cleanliness and sterility, so its role is, among other things, to maintain order and cleanliness and adherence to asepsis measures and to recognize if contamination occurs and to react in a timely manner so as not to endanger the patient. It does not only follow the operating field, it`s tasks are much larger and broader. The aim of this paper is to describe in more detail the bone grafts, their purpose and application, and to show the role of the scrub nurse in the operating room during their implantation.