Liver transplantation is one of the most complex operations and the only therapeutic method in end stage liver disease. Croatia can boast the fact that it's one of the countries with the highest number of liver transplants per capita worldwide. Because of the complex role that the liver plays in the metabolism of many macronutrients, control of glucose levels in blood and energy metabolism, it is expected that those patients will have numerous metabolism complications. Protein-energy malnutrition as a consequence of hypermetabolic state is the most common pre-transplant condition. It is necessary to screen a patient's nutritional status before the operation with one of the established methods so that the patient can be put in one of the risk categories to develop serious malnutrition. The degree of malnutrition is in negative correlation with treatment outcomes and survival rates so it is necessary to remediate nutritional status before operation. Due to modern immunosuppressive therapy patients have high survival rates but with a longer life expectancy and immunosuppression agents usage comes with a higher risk of cardiovascular and metabolic complications development, such as new-onset diabetes. A healthy diet with energy intake restrictions plays a key role in the prevention of metabolic complications. Attention is given to the role of branched-chain amino acids, vitamin D and probiotic supplementation in the maintenance of health in those patients, especially due to their immunomodulatory effects. There are numerous publications that explore the possible outcomes of specific micronutrients and biologically active compounds in the prevention of complications after liver transplantation. The aim of this paper is to sum up guidelines and research results that enable the optimisation of nutrition in patients undergoing liver transplantation with the goal to improve clinical outcomes and survival.