Preterm infants are neonates born before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation. Due to their immaturity they are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and each additional week of gestation sees an increased immunocompetence. Development of neonatology prolonged the survival of premature infants, but on the other hand we have not achieved enough in terms of their protection against vaccine preventable diseases. Infection and sepsis in preterm infants remain a significant clinical problem that can cause lifelong complications. The immaturity of the immune system and insufficient transfer of maternal immunoglobulins make them extremely sensitive to the development of infections and severe complications, many of which are preventable by timely vaccination. Furthermore, preterm infants often have comorbidities with severe complications. However, the vaccination of preterm infants is often delayed due to the misconception that it yields insufficient immune response and carries greater risk of complications that result in leaving them unprotected from vaccine preventable diseases. While primary antibody responses may be lower in preterm infants vaccinated according to chronological age than in term infants, the majority achieve concentrations that correlate with protection. Despite the immaturity of their immune system, research has proven safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines in preterm infants. In conclusion, preterm infants should be vaccinated using the same schedules as those usually recommended for full-term infants without the correction for gestational age and birth weight.