More than sixty years have passed since the discovery of oral hormonal contraception (OHC) and it is the most common method of contraception used by millions of women in the world today. Oral contraceptives are the choice of many women because it is easy to use the method and because its effects on pregnancy prevention are reversible. The primary role of oral contraceptives is to prevent ovulation and pregnancy by their inhibitory effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Inhibition of ovulation is reversible which has an important role in family planning. Apart from being a method of contraception, oral hormonal contraception is being used as a method of treatment for various gynecological diseases. The use of OHC achieves control of the menstrual cycle, and a reduction in the incidence of ectopic pregnancies, pelvic inflammatory disease, functional ovarian cysts, and osteoporosis has been observed. According to some studies, OHK reduces the incidence of ovarian, endometrial, and colon cancers. Among the side effects, the most important is a temporary increase in cardiovascular risk and neoplastic risk, which disappear shortly after stopping the use of OKH. Cardiovascular risks are manifested by an increased incidence of thrombotic events. The increase in neoplastic risk has not been fully investigated, but some studies have observed a connection between their use and the occurrence of breast and cervical cancer. Despite this, the benefits of using OHK outweigh the risks and that the non- contraceptive effects contribute to improving reproductive health.