Neonatal convulsions are a unique „age specific“ entity which commonly present as the only symptom of a central nervous system disorder in the neonate, and requires prompt evaluation and treatment because of its unfavorable influence on the child's neurodevelopment. Neonatal seizures are defined as a sudden onset of stereotypical, paroxismal events of altered neurological function (behavioral, motor activity, autonomous function) caused by paroxismal electric discharges in the brain, which happen during the first 28 days of life. The majority of seizures are aquired or provoked, meaning there is an underlying acute adverse event, like ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, infection or metabolic disturbance. On the other hand, unprovoked seizures occur without a trigger and most commonly are the result of genetic epileptic syndromes. Some of the more common causes of neonatal seizures are hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, central nervous system infections and metabolic disturbances. The reason why the human brain is most susceptible to seizures in the neonatal period lies in the fact that the brain is still in its early development phase and there is an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory signals. The number of synapses and dendritic spines is at its highest during this time, and there is a relative surplus of glutamate receptors. Immaturity of the neurons is also the reason for weaker response to treatment in this population. Continuous video electroencephalography is considered the gold standard in diagnosing seizures in neonates; not only is it the only reliable method of detection, but it also allows monitoring the response to treatment. In the last decade amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram, which enables real time seizure detection, has seen a rise in popularity. Application and interpretation of aEEG is less challenging than standard EEG which explains the ever growing presence of this method in clinical practice. Neuromonitoring of high-risk neonates is of extreme importance seeing as convulsive seizures in this popultion often present only electrophysiologically. It is important to establish the etiology of neonatal seizures in order to undertake specific treatment measures and diminish the chance of negative outcomes. The prognosis of neonatal seizures largely depends on their etiology. Neonatal seizures have been linked to cerebral palsy, cognitive and developmental impairment and epilepsy at an older age.