Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is slowing of fetal growth and fetal inability to achieve his or her genetic growth potential due to adverse intrauterine conditions. IUGR increases perinatal mortality as well as a neonatal morbidity, but usually many minor neurodevelopmental disorders occur after IUGR, especially in the motor skills domain, language and speech development, and cognitive functions. In this study we investigated term children with asymmetrical IUGR. Aim: The aim of this study is assessment of motor, cognitive and language development and impact of postnatal head growth in preschool children born with asymmetrical intrauterine growth retardation. The aim is also to investigate mutually relationship between motor, cognitive and language variables. Methods: Examinees were born at term with birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age, parity and gender, mean age six years, four months at last assessment. Exclusion criteria were central nervous system infections, chromosomopathies, congenital infections, major malformations, severe asphyxia and the presence of recognisable genetic syndromes. The control group was matched according to chronological and gestational age, gender and maternal education with 50 children in each group. Biometric parameters collected for both groups of children were birth weight, birth length, head circumference (HC), current body weight, present height and current HC. Touwen neurologic examination was performed for the motor development assessment. For cognitive development assessment, Developmental Test Čuturić, Imitative Hand Positions and Test of Visual Attention from a Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment were performed. For the assessment of language development Reynell Developmental Language Scale, the Naming test, Articulation test and Mottier test were performed. Cephalization index presenting the ratio between head circumference at birth and birth weight, were analysed. It is the result of the brain sparing process during adverse intrauterine conditions. Results: Anthropometric parameters (weight (p=0.002), height (p=0.001) and HC (p<0.001)) were significantly lower in IUGR than in control group. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between two groups in motor variables, developmental quotient, imitative hand position test, language comprehension, total expressive language (vocabulary, structure, content), naming skills, nonwords repetition and articulation. Eight statistically significant discriminative variables for determining group membership were noticed, included fine motor skills, associated movements, posture, coordination, quality and quantity of movements, phonological help for naming and dyskinesia. Fine motor skills had the most discriminative power. Head growth in centimeters (difference between birth HC and HC in preschool age) was significantly correlated with comprehension and muscle power. Other correlations with head growth in centimeters did not reach significance. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between relative growth of the head [(Actual head circumference – head circumference at birth) / (Body weight – birth weight)] and language outcome, motor outcome, developmental quotient and imitative hand position. Children with neonatal complications had lower results (p<0.05) in coordination, visual function, language comprehension, total expressive language and articulation. IUGR children with current HC below or on the 10th centile had poorer outcome in majority of motor variables, developmental quotient, visual attention, language structure, phonological help for naming and articulation. Separate analysis comparing children with BW below the fifth percentile (N=37) against IUGR group with cut off at the 10th centile (N=13) showed a significant difference in posture, balance and nonwords repetition. Analysis of correlation between variables have shown statistically significant correlations between many variables in each group of variables, as well as between groups. Cephalization index was significantly correlated to fine motor skills, muscle power, language structure and time for naming. There were statistically significant positive correlation between anthropometric parameters (BW and birth length, HC at birth, actual body weight and height, and actual HC) and language measures, most of motor variables and imitating hand position function. Conclusion: This study have been researched neuropsychological and language development of preschool children with IUGR which were all born at term so other reasons for their developmental delay, like prematurity, were excluded. IUGR has a negative impact on neurocognitive and language development which is evident in preschool years. Slow postnatal head growth is correlated with poorer language, motor and cognitive outcome. IUGR has a negative effect on neurological development with a synergistic influence of neonatal complications. Neonatal complications were negatively correlated motor and language outcome. Fine motor skills have the most discriminative value. Our results suggest that long term prenatal reprogramming in children with IUGR of the central nervous system in utero brings out slow postnatal head growth that results in changes of brain structures which are important for neurocognitive and language development. Neurodevelopmental difficulties could have a negative impact on IUGR children's school achievement, so it is very important to monitor their development and enable early therapeutic intervention as necessary.