Injuries and degenerative changes of articular cartilage are a common pathology, especially in athletes and the elderly population. The total prevalence of cartilage injuries, especially knee injuries, in athletes is up to 36% (1). Due to the lack of vascularization and innervation, the cartilage itself has a limited ability to regenerate and therefore a limited ability to heal the resulting injury. Up until the eighties, the gold standard in the treatment of cartilage injuries was arthroplasty, the surgical procedure of replacing articular cartilage with an artificial joint. Since 1980, a new, less invasive method has appeared on the scene that requires a shorter recovery and, as studies have shown, better long-term outcomes (2). The microfracture technique is based on the precise surgical formation of lesions in the cartilage and underlying subchondral bone, in order to enable the passage of multipotent stem cells to the articular cartilage, and their differentiation into fibrous and hyaline tissue (3). Due to a certain amount of fibrous tissue, newly formed cartilage is more difficult to withstand daily activities than previously healthy hyaline cartilage. The microfracture technique is performed on all joints, and in this thesis the more frequent interventions, primarily on the knee, followed by the hip, shoulder and ankle will be described (4). Also, a detailed and strict rehabilitation protocol is described, which greatly plays a role in the degree of recovery at the end of the process itself.