Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a structural or functional renal impairment lasting more than 3 months. The global prevalence of CKD is increasing, and it is predicted to become the 5th leading cause of mortality in the world by the year 2040. Such expectations are in line with the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes and arterial hypertension - two leading causes of CKD. CKD can be classified into five stages, based on the assessment of glomerular filtration rate, with the last stage being renal failure. At this point, renal replacement therapy becomes necessary. The reputation of CKD as a "silent killer" is supported by the fact that the first symptoms usually appear only in the advanced stages of the disease. Numerous complications are the result of CKD, including disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, anemia, hyperkalemia, as well as the most significant and dangerous complications related to the cardiovascular system. CKD therapy is focused on slowing the progression of the disease, treating complications and reducing risk factors that worsen clinical outcomes. Until recently, CKD treatment has been directed at renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation, adjusting dietary habits, reducing weight in obese patients and avoiding sedentary lifestyle, regulating hyperglycemia in diabetic patients and avoiding further kidney damage. The complexity of CKD treatment is evident from the fact that simultaneous action is required to address several factors, which requires a good understanding of CKD pathophysiology. Disturbing findings related to the increase in CKD prevalence and mortality, as well as the relatively narrow timeframe from the onset of symptoms to kidney failure, have encouraged medical professionals to search for new possibilities in CKD treatment. There is an increasing amount of evidence about the effectivenes of SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, and novel mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in improving cardiovascular and renal outcomes in CKD patients. The emergence of new potassium binders provides a new opportunity in treatment of hyperkalemia. This paper presents new findings, but also provides an overview of previous experiences and knowledge related to CKD treatment.