Cannabis is a psychoactive plant with a long history of use for industrial, religious, medical, and recreational purposes. It contains more than 560 chemical compounds, with phytocannabinoids and terpenes being the most studied. The most prominent phytocannabinoids are tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary psychoactive compound, and cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive compound that has gained popularity due to its potential therapeutic effects. The endocannabinoid system consists of endogenous cannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors, and enzymes involved in cannabinoid metabolism and plays a crucial role in neural development, synaptic plasticity regulation, and neurotransmission. There is a complex relationship between cannabis use, the endocannabinoid system, and psychotic disorders. While the scientific evidence from some studies is ambiguous, many studies suggest a connection between cannabis use and the earlier onset of psychotic disorders in individuals with risk factors, as well as more severe symptoms in those already affected by these disorders. Cannabis use can also lead to transient psychoses that may later progress to persistent psychotic disorders. The gold standard and foundation for the treatment of psychotic disorders since the 1950s have been antipsychotics, but due to numerous limitations (side effects, poor adherence), science has been researching alternatives to these drugs for decades. Cannabidiol stands out as a promising cannabinoid due to its antipsychotic effects, which differ from traditional antipsychotics, and its low number of side effects. Research results suggest that cannabidiol may be effective in reducing psychotic symptoms in populations with a first episode of psychosis and in individuals at risk of developing psychotic disorders. Despite promising results, further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms of action and to develop precise therapeutic protocols for its use in the treatment of psychotic disorders.