Left ventricular thrombosis (LVT) occurs as a complication of myocardial infarction (MI), especially of anterior and apical MI, and of some non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. It increases the risk of stroke and systemic embolisms. The risk of formation of a ventricular thrombus and complications caused by it can be reduced by successful treatment of the underlying condition, and high-quality and timely imaging. However, the basic treatment for ventricular thrombosis consists of anticoagulant therapy. According to the current guidelines, the anticoagulant medicines of choice for the treatment of ventricular thrombosis are vitamin K antagonists (VKA), primarily warfarin. Yet, the narrow therapeutic range of warfarin and its numerous interactions with food and other medicines, often result in suboptimal anticoagulant effect and occurrence of bleeding or thrombosis, while the necessity of frequent laboratory examinations leads to a decrease in patient compliance. On the other hand, new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) are administered in fixed doses, they do not require regular coagulation controls and they interact with significantly lower number of medicines than warfarin. Due to their relatively stable anticoagulatory effect and shorter half-life, bleeding occurs more rarely and is lighter than when caused by warfarin. The above-mentioned reasons have made new oral anticoagulants an ever more attractive alternative to warfarin for a number of indications, from atrial fibrillation to venous thromboembolism. Nonetheless, their use in the treatment of ventricular thrombosis has not been researched sufficiently; it has been described mainly through case studies and retrospective studies. Several prospective randomized trials conducted and published to date have compared the effectiveness of NOACs to that of warfarin and the results have been promising. Still, broader research of this type is needed to fully establish the effectiveness and safety of NOACs when administered for this indication.